According to the principle of elastic wave reflection, the probe has a built-in high-power elastic wave excitation device and a multi-channel elastic wave detector. During the test, the probe is lowered to the bottom of the hole, and the system will automatically stimulate the elastic wave. In the process of propagation to the bottom of the hole, the elastic wave will be reflected back when encountering the karst caves, fractures, soft strata and other structures, and the reflection signal will be received by the detector. The depth position of the abnormal structure can be determined according to the intensity change of the received reflected signal and the propagation time. By adjusting the probe at different positions of the hole bottom, multi-point detection in different directions of the hole bottom can be conducted to achieve full coverage of the hole bottom detection, and the horizontal distribution and depth of the karst cave at the hole bottom can be fully and effectively detected.